FIFA Laws of the Game 2011 - 2012
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Official Laws of the Game. FIFA © All rights reserved.
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This resource is designed to help you learn or revise the Laws of Football.
Click on any Law.
A list of questions are displayed. Roll your mouse over one of the questions.
Answer that question in your head then, click on the question and the answer is displayed below.
The answers are taken directly from the Laws of the Game as published by FIFA 2011 -2012.
The questions are designed to help learn and remember the Laws. To collapse a section just click on the heading or another law.
At the end of each law there is a multiple choice test to assess how well you know the law.
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Law One - The dimensions of the field of play.
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Football matches can be played on artificial surfaces. What colour must the artificial surface be?
Matches may be played on natural or artificial surfaces, according to the rules of the competition.
The colour of artificial surfaces must be green. -
A foul occurs right on the penalty area line. What is the decision?
A penalty kick.
The field of play must be rectangular and marked with lines. These lines belong to the areas of which they are boundaries. -
What are the touch lines? What are the goal lines?
The two longer boundary lines are called touch lines. The two shorter lines are called goal lines.
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What is the radius of the centre circle?
The centre mark is indicated at the midpoint of the halfway line.
A circle with a radius of 9.15 m (10 yds) is marked around it. -
How far from the corner arc and where may lines be marked to indicate the distance a defender is required to stand from a corner?
Marks may be made off the field of play, 9.15 m (10 yds) from the corner arc and at right angles to the goal lines and the touch lines, to ensure that defending players retreat this distance when a corner kick is being taken.
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What is the maximum and minimum length of the touch lines?
Minimum 90 m (100 yds) maximum 120 m (130 yds).
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What is the maximum and minimum length of the goal lines?
Width (goal line): minimum 45 m (50 yds) maximum 90 m (100 yds)
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Must all lines be the same width? What is the maximum width of the lines?
All lines must be of the same width, which must be not more than 12 cm (5 ins).
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In international matches what is the maximum and minimum length of the touch lines?
Length: minimum 100 m (110 yds) maximum 110 m (120 yds)
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In international matches what is the maximum and minimum length of the goal lines?
Width: minimum 64 m (70 yds) maximum 75 m (80 yds)
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What are the dimensions of the goal area and where must the measurements start from?
Two lines are drawn at right angles to the goal line, 5.5 m (6 yds) from the inside of each goalpost. These lines extend into the field of play for a distance of 5.5 m (6 yds) and are joined by a line drawn parallel with the goal line. The area bounded by these lines and the goal line is the goal area.
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What are the dimensions of the penalty area and where must the measurements start from?
Two lines are drawn at right angles to the goal line, 16.5 m (18 yds) from the inside of each goalpost. These lines extend into the fi eld of play for a distance of 16.5 m (18 yds) and are joined by a line drawn parallel with the goal line. The area bounded by these lines and the goal line is the penalty area.
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Where is the mark for penalty kicks?
Within each penalty area, a penalty mark is made 11 m (12 yds) from the midpoint between the goalposts and equidistant to them.
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What is the radius of the arc outside the penalty area and where is the centre point?
An arc of a circle with a radius of 9.15 m (10 yds) from the centre of each penalty mark is drawn outside the penalty area.
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What is the minimum height of a flag post and where must they be placed?
A flag post, not less than 1.5 m (5 ft) high, with a non-pointed top and a flag must be placed at each corner.
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Must the flag post have a flag on it, and where can optional flag posts be placed?
Yes they must have a flag.
Optional flagposts may also be placed at each end of the halfway line, not less than 1 m (1 yd) outside the touch line. -
What are the dimensions of the quarter arc in each corner?
A quarter circle with a radius of 1 m (1 yd) from each corner flagpost is drawn inside the field of play.
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Where shall the goals be positioned and what are their dimensions?
A goal must be placed on the centre of each goal line.
A goal consists of two upright posts equidistant from the corner flagposts and joined at the top by a horizontal crossbar.
The distance between the posts is 7.32 m (8 yds) and the distance from the lower edge of the crossbar to the ground is 2.44 m (8 ft). -
What materials can be used in the construction of goal posts?
The goal posts and crossbar must be made of wood, metal or other approved material.
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What shapes can the goal posts be?
They may be square, rectangular, round or elliptical in shape and must not be dangerous to players.
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What is the maximum width of each post?
Both goalposts and the crossbar have the same width and depth, which do not exceed 12 cm (5 ins). The goal lines must be of the same width as the goalposts and the crossbar
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Are nets compulsory and what are the specifications for them?
Nets may be attached to the goals and the ground behind the goal, provided that they are properly supported and do not interfere with the goalkeeper.
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What colour must the goal posts be?
The goalposts and crossbars must be white.
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Can portable goal posts be used? What is their requirement?
Goals must be anchored securely to the ground. Portable goals may only be used if they satisfy this requirement.
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Tips to help you remember
Although metric units are used it is easier to remember measurements in yards. Hence;
Max length is 130 yards (120 internationals).
Min length is 100 yards (110 internationals).
Max width is 100 yards (80 internationals).
Min width is 50 yards (70 internationals).
Call the penalty area the 18 yard area.
Call the goal area the 6 yard box.
Remember 1 yard radius for the corner arc.
Call the centre circle the 10 yard circle.
Remember players must be 10 yards from the penalty spot (and outside the area), in much the same way that they must be 10 yards from a free kick.
Corner post must have a flag and must be at least five feet tall with a non pointed top -
If the referee arrives to find that the field of play is marked with furrows and broken lines, what should he do?
It is not permissible to mark the field of play with broken lines or furrows. The furrows and broken lines must be corrected for the match to take place.
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If before the kick off the goal keeper scratches his own marks in the goal area to give himself bearings at corner kicks, what action should the referee take?
If a player makes unauthorised marks on the field of play with his foot, he must be cautioned for unsporting behaviour. If the referee notices this being done during the match, he must caution the offending player for unsporting behaviour when the ball next goes out of play.
Only the lines indicated in Law 1 are to be marked on the fi eld of play. -
If the crossbar becomes dislodged can a rope be used to replace it?
No
If the crossbar becomes displaced or broken, play is stopped until it has been repaired or replaced in position. If it is not possible to repair the crossbar, the match must be abandoned. The use of a rope to replace the crossbar is not permitted. If the crossbar can be repaired, the match is restarted with a dropped ball at the place where the ball was located when play was stopped, unless play was stopped inside the goal area, in which case the referee drops the ball on the goal area line parallel to the goal line at the point nearest to where the ball was located when play was stopped. -
In some games commercial advertising is used. What are the regulations about where it can be placed?
Commercial advertising shall be at least 1 m (1 yd) from the boundary lines of the field of play.
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At half time a high powered projection is used to advertise football boots on the field of play. Is this permissible?
Yes but only when the players have left the field of play.
No form of commercial advertising, whether real or virtual, is permitted on the field of play, on the ground within the area enclosed by the goal nets or the technical area, or within 1 m (1 yd) of the touch line from the time the teams enter the fi eld of play until they have left it at half-time and from the time the teams re-enter the field of play until the end of the match. Similarly, advertising is not permitted on the goals, nets, flagposts or their flags and no extraneous equipment (cameras, microphones etc.) may be attached to these items. -
Can the FIFA fair play emblem be etched into the two halves?
The reproduction, whether real or virtual, of representative logos or emblems of FIFA, confederations, member associations, leagues, clubs or other bodies is forbidden on the field of play, the goal nets and the areas they enclose, the goals, the flagposts and their flags during playing time.
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Law Two - The Ball
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What materials can the ball be made of?
The ball shall be made of leather or other suitable material
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What is the maximum and minimum circumference of the ball
The circumference of not more than 70 cm (28 ins) and not less than 68 cm (27 ins)
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What is the weight of the ball?
The ball can be not more than 450 g (16 oz) and not less than 410 g (14 oz) in weight at the start of the match
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What is the permissible pressure of the ball?
The ball is of a pressure equal to 0.6 - 1.1 atmosphere (600 - 1,100 g/cm2) at sea level (8.5 lbs/sq in - 15.6 lbs/sq in)
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What happens of the ball bursts when it is in play?
1. The match is stopped.
2. The match is restarted by dropping the replacement ball at the place where the original ball became defective, unless play was stopped inside the goal area, in which case the referee drops the replacement ball on the goal area line parallel to the goal line at the point nearest to where the original ball was located when play was stopped -
What happens if the ball bursts when it is out of play?
If the ball bursts or becomes defective whilst not in play at a kick-off, goal kick, corner kick, free kick, penalty kick or throw-in: the match is restarted accordingly
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Can the ball be changed at any time?
The ball may not be changed during the match without the authority of the referee.
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How do you know if a ball has been can be used for an official competition played under the auspices of FIFA
It will have one of these official logos.
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Can there be any advertising on the ball?
In matches played in an official competition organised under the auspices of FIFA, the confederations or the member associations, no form of commercial advertising on the ball is permitted, except for the emblem of the competition, the competition organiser and the authorised trademark of the manufacturer. The competition regulations may restrict the size and number of such markings.
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Can additional balls be placed around the ground to use?
Additional balls may be placed around the field of play for use during a match provided that they meet the requirements of Law 2 and their use is under the control of the referee.
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Law Three - The number of players.
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How many players allowed on each team?
A match is played by two teams, each consisting of not more than eleven players.
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Can a match start without a goal keeper?
No
A match is played by two teams, each consisting of not more than eleven players, one of whom is the goalkeeper. -
What if a team has less than seven players?
A match may not start if either team consists of fewer than seven players.
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How many substitutes are allowed in official FIFA competition?
Up to a maximum of three substitutes may be used in any match played in an offi cial competition organised under the auspices of FIFA, the confederations or the member associations.
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How many substitutes can be named on the team sheet in an official FIFA competiton?
The rules of the competition must state how many substitutes may be nominated, from three up to a maximum of seven.
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In national A team matches, how many substitutes may be used?
In national A team matches, up to a maximum of six substitutes may be used.
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In all other matches are you allowed more than six substitutes? What are the conditions?
In all other matches, a greater number of substitutes may be used provided that:
* the teams concerned reach agreement on a maximum number
* the referee is informed before the match -
If the teams fail to reach an agreement about the number of substitutes or the referee is not informed, how many substitutes shall be allowed?
If the referee is not informed, or if no agreement is reached before the match, no more than six substitutes are allowed.
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Must substitutes names be given to the referee before kick off?
In all matches, the names of the substitutes must be given to the referee prior to the start of the match. Any substitute whose name is not given to the referee at this time may not take part in the match.
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There are seven conditions that must be observed when replacing a player with a substitute, what are they?
To replace a player with a substitute, the following conditions must be observed:
* the referee must be informed before any proposed substitution is made
* the substitute only enters the field of play after the player being replaced has left and after receiving a signal from the referee
* the substitute only enters the field of play at the halfway line and during a stoppage in the match
* the substitution is completed when a substitute enters the field of play
* from that moment, the substitute becomes a player and the player he has replaced becomes a substituted player
* the substituted player takes no further part in the match
* all substitutes are subject to the authority and jurisdiction of the referee, whether called upon to play or not -
How many times can you change the goal keeper?
As many times as you want.
Any of the other players may change places with the goalkeeper, provided that:
* the referee is informed before the change is made
* the change is made during a stoppage in the match -
A substitute enters the field of play without the referee's permission. What should the referee do?
If a substitute or substitituted player enters the field of play without the referee’s permission:
* the referee stops play (although not immediately if the substitute or substituted player does not interfere with play)
* the referee cautions him for unsporting behaviour and orders him to leave the field of play
* if the referee has stopped play, it is restarted with an indirect free kick for the opposing team from the position of the ball at the time of the stoppage -
If a player changes place with the goal keeper without informing the referee and the same player then picks up the ball, is it a penalty?
If a player changes places with the goalkeeper without the referee’s permission before the change is made:
* the referee allows play to continue
* the referee cautions the players concerned when the ball is next out of play
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For any other infringement of the substitution law, what action should the referee take?
In the event of any other infringements of this Law:
* the players concerned are cautioned
* the match is restarted with an indirect free kick, to be taken by a player of the opposing team from the position of the ball at the time of the stoppage -
Can a player who is sent off for using offensive language before the kick off be replaced with a substitute?
A player who has been sent off before the kick-off may be replaced only by one of the named substitutes.
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Can a substitute who is sent off before kick off be replaced?
A named substitute who has been sent off, either before the kick-off or after play has started, may not be replaced.
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The international board have outlined a procedure of 10 steps to follow when a substitution is made. These steps follow the rules. What are they?
* A substitution may be made only during a stoppage in play
* The assistant referee signals that a substitution has been requested
* The player being substituted receives the referee’s permission to leave the fi eld of play, unless he is already off the field of play for reasons that comply with the Laws of the Game
* The referee gives the substitute permission to enter the field of play
* Before entering the field of play, the substitute waits for the player he is replacing to leave the field
* The player being substituted is not obliged to leave the field of play on the halfway line
* Permission to proceed with a substitution may be refused under certain circumstances, e.g. if the substitute is not ready to enter the field of play
* A substitute who has not completed the substitution procedure by setting foot onto the field of play cannot restart play by taking a throw-in or corner kick
* If a player who is about to be replaced refuses to leave the field of play, play continues.
* If a substitution is made during the half-time interval or before extra time, the procedure is to be completed before the second half or extra time kicks off -
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Law Four Players equipment.
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What is the first rule about safety?
A player must not use equipment or wear anything that is dangerous to himself or another player (including any kind of jewellery).
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The basic equipment of a player consists of five things. What are they?
* a jersey or shirt with sleeves - if undergarments are worn, the colour of the sleeve must be the same main colour as the sleeve of the jersey or shirt.
* shorts - if undershorts are worn, they must be of the same main colour as the shorts
* stockings
* shinguards
* footwear -
What are the regulations for shin guards?
* are covered entirely by the stockings
* are made of rubber, plastic or a similar suitable material
* provide a reasonable degree of protection -
What are the two regulations about the colour of the team kit?
* The two teams must wear colours that distinguish them from each other and also the referee and the assistant referees
* Each goalkeeper must wear colours that distinguish him from the other players, the referee and the assistant referees -
If a player's boot comes off as he clears the ball, what action should the referee take? (six things to do)
In the event of any infringement of this Law:
* play need not be stopped
* the player at fault is instructed by the referee to leave the fi eld of play to correct his equipment
* the player leaves the field of play when the ball next ceases to be in play, unless he has already corrected his equipment
* any player required to leave the field of play to correct his equipment must not re-enter without the referee's permission
* the referee checks that the player's equipment is correct before allowing him to re-enter the field of play
* the player is only allowed to re-enter the field of play when the ball is out of play -
In a semi final where the score is one all, a players boot comes off and the referee has the player leave the field of play to put it back on. The player puts the boot back on and asks the linesman if he an go back on. What should the linesman say?
No he can go back on.
* any player required to leave the fi eld of play to correct his equipment must not re-enter without the referee's permission
* the referee checks that the player's equipment is correct before allowing him to re-enter the fi eld of play
* the player is only allowed to re-enter the field of play when the ball is out of play. -
If the linesman in the previous question says, 'Your fine' and the player then runs onto the field of play, what shall be the decision, if any?
A player who has been required to leave the field of play because of an infringement of this Law and who re-enters the field of play without the referee's permission must be cautioned.
If play is stopped by the referee to administer a caution:
* the match is restarted by an indirect free kick taken by a player of the opposing team, from the place where the ball was located when the referee stopped the match. -
What should happen to players who reveal undergarments (ie a singlet) with racist remarks on them?
Players must not reveal undergarments showing slogans or advertising. The basic compulsory equipment must not have any political, religious or personal statements. A player removing his jersey or shirt to reveal slogans or advertising will be sanctioned by the competition organiser. The team of a player whose basic compulsory equipment has political, religious or personal slogans or statements will be sanctioned by the competition organiser or by FIFA.
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Can a player put his boot back on, whilst on the field of play?
Yes
The player leaves the field of play when the ball next ceases to be in play, unless he has already corrected his equipment -
If the goalkeepers have identical jerseys and do not have an appropriate alternative strip to change into, what should the referee do?
* If the jerseys of the two goalkeepers are the same colour and neither has another jersey to change into, the referee shall allow play to begin
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If a players boot comes off by accident and he continues to dribble the ball before shooting and scoring, what is the decision?
Goal
If a player loses his footwear accidentally and immediately plays the ball and/or scores a goal, there is no infringement and the goal is awarded because he lost his footwear by accident. -
Track suit pants are not mentioned in the players basic equipment. Are goal keepers allowed to wear tracksuit bottoms?
Goalkeepers may wear tracksuit bottoms as part as their basic equipment.
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A player wears a face mask as he has a medical condition. The mask is not dangerous to any one. Is this allowed?
A player may use equipment other than the basic equipment provided that its sole purpose is to protect him physically and it poses no danger to him or any other player.
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A player wants to play with spectacles on. What must the referee do before he plays?
All items of clothing or equipment other than the basic equipment must be inspected by the referee and determined not to be dangerous.
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Can a player wear head guards and knee guards?
Modern protective equipment such as headgear, face masks and knee and arm protectors made of soft, lightweight padded material are not considered dangerous and are therefore permitted.
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A coach gives his centre full back and ear piece so that he can convey instructions to him via radio communication. Is this allowed?
The use of radio communication systems between players and/or technical staff is not permitted.
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A player has his wedding ring on and refuses to take it off. Can he take a part in the match?
No
All items of jewellery (necklaces, rings, bracelets, earrings, leather bands, rubber bands etc.) are strictly forbidden and must be removed. Using tape to cover jewellery is not acceptable. -
A referee wears a silver chain used for good luck. Is this allowed today?
No
Referees are also prohibited from wearing jewellery (except for a watch or similar device for timing the match). -
Players equipment must be inspected before the kick off and substitutes before they enter the field of play. If a player is discovered during the match to have some jewellery on his or her person, what should the referee do?
If a player is discovered to be wearing unauthorised clothing or jewellery during play, the referee must:
* inform the player that the item in question must be removed
* order the player to leave the field of play at the next stoppage if he is unable or unwilling to comply -
If a player has had his equipment checked before kick off and is asked to remove an earring. The player then circumvents the law by placing an earring back in his ear and the referee notices whilst the ball is in play, what should the referee do?
* caution the player if he wilfully refuses to comply or, having been told to remove the item, is discovered to be wearing the item again.
If play is stopped to caution the player, an indirect free kick must be awarded to the opposing team from the position of the ball when play was stopped -
Tips
Testing
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Law Five - The Referee.
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There are 17 powers and duties of the referee. What are they?
* enforces the Laws of the Game
* controls the match in cooperation with the assistant referees and, where applicable, with the fourth official
* ensures that any ball used meets the requirements of Law 2
* ensures that the players’ equipment meets the requirements of Law 4
* acts as timekeeper and keeps a record of the match
* stops, suspends or abandons the match, at his discretion, for any infringements of the Laws.
* stops, suspends or abandons the match because of outside interference of any kind
* stops the match if, in his opinion, a player is seriously injured and ensures that he is removed from the field of play. An injured player may only return to the field of play after the match has restarted
* allows play to continue until the ball is out of play if a player is, in his opinion, only slightly injured
* ensures that any player bleeding from a wound leaves the field of play. The player may only return on receiving a signal from the referee, who must be satisfied that the bleeding has stopped
* allows play to continue when the team against which an offence has been committed will benefit from such an advantage and penalises the original offence if the anticipated advantage does not ensue at that time
* punishes the more serious offence when a player commits more than one offence at the same time
* takes disciplinary action against players guilty of cautionable and sending-off offences. He is not obliged to take this action immediately but must do so when the ball next goes out of play.
* takes action against team officials who fail to conduct themselves in a responsible manner and may, at his discretion, expel them from the field of play and its immediate surrounds
* acts on the advice of the assistant referees regarding incidents that he has not seen
* ensures that no unauthorised persons enter the field of play
* indicates the restart of the match after it has been stopped
* provides the appropriate authorities with a match report, which includes information on any disciplinary action taken against players and/or team officials and any other incidents that occurred before, during or after the match -
An easy way to remember
Enforce
Control
Ball
Equipment
Time
Stops
Stops outside interference
Injury
Slightly injured
Blood
Advantage
More serious
Caution and send off
Coach
Advice
Players
Restart
Report -
Put this into a sentence and youre half way there. Remember this sentence.
Every controlled ball equips the step sister injuring slightly bored angry mentors cautioning coaches after players restart reportedly.
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When you know this silly sentence and can transfer single word below, the laws virtually make sense by themselves.
Every = Enforce
controlled = control
back = ball
equips = equipment
the = time
step = stops for infringement
sister = stops for outside interference
injuring = stops for serious injury
slightly = slight injury allows play to continue
bored = blood
and = advantage
mentors = more serious offence - punishes
cautioning = caution and send off
coaches = report misconduct of coach, manager, club officials
after = acts on advice
players = Allows on players to enter the field of play
restart = Restart
reportedly = report -
Every = Enforce ?
Enforce = enforces the Laws of the Game.
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contolled = Control?
Controls the match in cooperation with the assistant referees and, where applicable, with the fourth official.
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ball = Ball?
Ensures that any ball used meets the requirements of Law 2
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Equips = Equipment?
Ensures that the players’ equipment meets the requirements of Law 4
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the = Time ?
Acts as timekeeper and keeps a record of the match
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step?
Stops, suspends or abandons the match, at his discretion, for any infringements of the Laws.
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sister = Stops for outside interference
Stops, suspends or abandons the match because of outside interference of any kind
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injuring = serious injury
Stops the match if, in his opinion, a player is seriously injured and ensures that he is removed from the field of play. An injured player may only return to the field of play after the match has restarted
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slightly = slightly injured - allows play to continue
Allows play to continue until the ball is out of play if a player is, in his opinion, only slightly injured
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bored = player bleeding
Ensures that any player bleeding from a wound leaves the field of play. The player may only return on receiving a signal from the referee, who must be satisfied that the bleeding has stopped.
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angry = Plays advantage
Allows play to continue when the team against which an offence has been committed will benefit from such an advantage and penalises the original offence if the anticipated advantage does not ensue at that time.
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mentors = more serious offence
Punishes the more serious offence when a player commits more than one offence at the same time.
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cautioning = caution and send off
Takes disciplinary action against players guilty of cautionable and sending-off offences. He is not obliged to take this action immediately but must do so when the ball next goes out of play.
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coaches = caution team officials. (You cant caution or show the yellow card to team officials but the referee can report them)
Takes action against team officials who fail to conduct themselves in a responsible manner and may, at his discretion, expel them from the field of play and its immediate surrounds
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after = acts on advice
Acts on the advice of the assistant referees regarding incidents that he has not seen
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players = only players can enter the field of play
Ensures that no unauthorised persons enter the field of play
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resart = restart
Indicates the restart of the match after it has been stopped
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reportedly = writes a report
Provides the appropriate authorities with a match report, which includes information on any disciplinary action taken against players and/or team officials and any other incidents that occurred before, during or after the match.
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Are the decisions of the referee final or can they be changed by the FA?
The decisions of the referee regarding facts connected with play, including whether or not a goal is scored and the result of the match, are final.
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Can a referee change his decision?
The referee may only change a decision on realising that it is incorrect or, at his discretion, on the advice of an assistant referee or the fourth official, provided that he has not restarted play or terminated the match.
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If the flood lights are not adequate and the referee notices as darkness sets in, what should the referee do?
The referee is authorised to stop play if, in his opinion, the floodlights are inadequate.
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If an object is thrown from the stands and it hits anyone on the field of play or in the technical area, what options are available to the referee?
If an object thrown by a spectator hits the referee or one of the assistant referees or a player or team official, the referee may allow the match to continue, suspend play or abandon the match depending on the severity of the incident. He must, in all cases, report the incident(s) to the appropriate authorities.
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The at the taking of penalty kicks, the goal keeper uses offensive language to an opponent to put him off, what should the referee do?
Show the goal keeper the red card and have him removed from the field of play. Accordingly the opposing team should voluntarily reduce their number of players in the centre circle by one.
The referee has the power to show yellow or red cards during the half-time interval and after the match has finished as well as during extra time and kicks from the penalty mark, since the match remains under his jurisdiction at these times. -
If the referee becomes injured and in incapacitated can play continue or should the referee stop the game?
If a referee is temporarily incapacitated for any reason, play may continue under the supervision of the assistant referees until the ball next goes out of play.
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Playing in the World Cup an over zealous fan blows his whistle loudly from within the stands and a player picks up the ball thinking that the referee has stopped the game what should the referee do?
If a spectator blows a whistle and the referee considers the whistle interfered with play (e.g. a player picks up the ball with his hands, assuming that play has been stopped), the referee must stop the match and restart the play with a dropped ball from the position of the ball when play was stopped, unless play was stopped inside the goal area, in which case the referee drops the ball on the goal area line parallel to the goal line at the point nearest to where the ball was located when play was stopped.
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A foul occurs against a left full equips right on the goal line. Can the referee apply advantage?
Yes
The referee may play advantage whenever an infringement or offence occurs. -
The referee should consider four things before applying advantage. What are they?
* the severity of the offence: if the infringement warrants an expulsion, the referee must stop play and send off the player unless there is a subsequent opportunity to score a goal
* the position where the offence was committed: the closer to the opponent’s goal, the more effective it can be
* the chances of an immediate, dangerous attack on the opponents’ goal
* the atmosphere of the match -
How long can a referee wait before he decides to penalise the original offence as the advantage did not ensue?
The decision to penalise the original offence must be taken within a few seconds.
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If the referee applies advantage but decides to caution a player, the ball goes out and a throw in is taken quickly, can the referee caution the player at the next occurrence that the ball goes out of play?
No
If the offence warrants a caution, it must be issued at the next stoppage. However, unless there is a clear advantage, it is recommended that the referee stops play and cautions the player immediately. If the caution is NOT issued at the next stoppage, it cannot be shown later. -
Play has been stopped and the referee assesses an injured player. How many doctors are allowed to enter the field of play to assess the injured player?
* after questioning the injured player, the referee may authorise one, or at most two doctors, to enter the field of play to assess the injury and arrange the player’s safe and swift removal from the field of play
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If another ball or outside object or animal enters the field of play, what should the referee do?
Play need not be stopped unless the outside agent interferes with the play. The referee must have the outside agent removed at the earliest opportunity. The game is restarted by a drop ball from the place the ball was when play was stopped, if in play at the time.
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Is a player allowed to play with blood on his jersey?
* any player bleeding from a wound must leave the fi eld of play. He may not return until the referee is satisfied that the bleeding has stopped. A player is not permitted to wear clothing with blood on it
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An injured player may re-enter the field of play when the ball is in play. Where must he enter from?
* when the ball is in play, an injured player must re-enter the field of play from the touch line. When the ball is out of play, the injured player may re-enter from any of the boundary lines.
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If offences are committed at the same time by opposing players, what is the decision?
The referee must stop play and restart it with a dropped ball from the position of the ball at the time of the stoppage, unless play was stopped inside the goal area, in which case the referee drops the ball on the goal area line parallel to the goal line at the point nearest to where the ball was located when play was stopped
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Can the goal keeper go off the field for treatment?
No, he must be replaced by an outfield player whilst he receives treatment. In law three "A match is played by two teams, each consisting of not more than eleven players, one of whom is the goalkeeper. "
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In special circumstances the injury rule may have exceptions. What are those?
Exceptions to this ruling are to be made only when:
* a goalkeeper is injured
* a goalkeeper and an outfield player have collided and need immediate attention
* a severe injury has occurred, e.g. swallowed tongue, concussion, broken leg -
The law mentions "outside agents" interfering with the play. Define an outside agent according to the International Board?
Anyone not indicated on the team list as a player, substitute or team official is deemed to be an outside agent as is a player who has been sent off.
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What should the referee do if an outside agent enters the field of play?
If an outside agent enters the field of play:
* the referee must stop play (although not immediately if the outside agent does not interfere with play)
* the referee must have him removed from the field of play and its immediate surroundings
* if the referee stops the match, he must restart play with a dropped ball in the position where the ball was at the time when the match was stopped, unless play was stopped inside the goal area, in which case the referee drops the ball on the goal area line parallel to the goal line at the point nearest to where the ball was located when play was stopped -
If a team official runs onto the field from the technical area, what should the referee do?
If a team official enters the field of play:
* the referee must stop play (although not immediately if the team official does not interfere with play or if the advantage can be applied)
* the referee must have him removed from the field of play and if his behaviour is irresponsible, the referee must expel him from the field of play and its immediate surroundings
* if the referee stops the match, he must restart play with a dropped ball in the position where the ball was at the time when the match was stopped, unless play was stopped inside the goal area, in which case the referee drops the ball on the goal area line parallel to the goal line at the point nearest to where the ball was located when play was stopped -
If a player has been bleeding and the bleeding has been stopped and the the player runs on to the field of play without the permission of the referee should the referee stop the match immediately?
Not necessarily, particularly not if an advantage can be applied to the opposite team.
The referee should
* stop play (although not immediately if the player does not interfere with play or if the advantage can be applied)
* caution the player for entering the fi eld of play without permission
* order the player to leave the field of play if necessary (e.g. infringement of Law 4) -
If a player re-enters the field of play without permission and the referee stops the game to caution the player, how is the game restarted?
If the referee stops play, it must be restarted:
* with an indirect free kick for the opposing team from the position of the ball when play was stopped (see Law 13 – Position of Free Kick) if there is no other infringement
* in accordance with Law 12 if the player -
If a player runs off the field of play in order to avoid a player on the ground and then re-enters the field of play, should he be cautioned?
If a player accidentally crosses one of the boundary lines of the field of play, he is not deemed to have committed an infringement. Going off the field of play may be considered to be part of a playing movement.
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If a substituted player runs on to the field of play to kick the ball, is he considered an outside agent?
No, he is still a substituted player and is subject to the authority and jurisdiction of the referee.
If a substitute or a substituted player enters the fi eld of play without permission:
* the referee must stop play (although not immediately if the player in question does not interfere with play or if the advantage can be applied)
* the referee must caution him for unsporting behaviour
* the player must leave the field of play If the referee stops play, it must be restarted with an indirect free kick for the opposing team from the position of the ball when play was stopped -
If a goal is scored, but the referee notices that there was an extra person on the field of play who was a player, substituted player or team official of the team that scored the goal. What should he do?
If, after a goal is scored, the referee realises, before play restarts, that there was an extra person on the field of play when the goal was scored:
* the referee must disallow the goal if:
– the extra person was an outside agent and he interfered with play
– the extra person was a player, substitute, substituted player or team official associated with the team that scored the goal -
If a substitute or team official of the team that concedes a goal enters the field of play before a goal is scored, what should the referee do?
* the referee must allow the goal if:
– the extra person was an outside agent who did not interfere with play
– the extra person was a player, substitute, substituted player or team official associated with the team that conceded the goal -
If the ball is travelling towards the goal keeper, an hits a beach ball that has been thrown onto the field of play from a spectator and deflects off it to enter the goal, what is the decision?
Play must be stopped and restarted with a drop ball at the place that the outside agent interfered with the play. If this is in the 6 yard box, the ball must be dropped from the nearest position on the goal area line that runs parallel with the goal line.
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If five players are sent off from one team can the match continue in theory?
Yes, it is up to the discretion of the member association.
Although a match may not START if either team consists of fewer than seven players, the minimum number of players in a team required for a match to CONTINUE is left to the discretion of member associations. However, it is the opinion of the International F.A. Board that a match should not continue if there are fewer than seven players in either team. -
If some players are not happy with their team and leave the field of play without permission to leave less than seven players on the pitch, what should the referee do?
If a team has fewer than seven players because one or more players has deliberately left the fi eld of play, the referee is not obliged to stop the match and the advantage may be played. In such cases, the referee must not allow the match to resume after the ball has gone out of play if a team does not have the minimum number of seven players.
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Tips
Know this law inside out. If you can expand the silly sentence you are half way there. (Do it daily until you know it) Every controlled ball equips the step sister injuring slightly bored angry mentors cautioning coaches after players restart reportedly. A ref can only reverse a decision if he has not restarted play. An outside agent is anyone not mentioned on the team list.
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Law Six - Referees assistants (linesmen)
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Two assistant referees may be appointed. What are their seven reasons they should indicate?
* when the whole of the ball leaves the field of play
* which team is entitled to a corner kick, goal kick or throw-in
* when a player may be penalised for being in an offside position
* when a substitution is requested
* when misconduct or any other incident occurs out of the view of the referee
* when offences have been committed whenever the assistant referees have a better view than the referee (this includes, in certain circumstances, offences committed in the penalty area)
* whether, at penalty kicks, the goalkeeper moves off the goal line before the ball is kicked and if the ball crosses the line -
How far should an assistant referee enter the field of play to assist the referee to control the match?
The assistant referees also assist the referee to control the match in accordance with the Laws of the Game. In particular, they may enter the field of play to help control the 9.15 m (10 yds) distance.
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If a referee's assistant interferes with the match for no reason, what action should be taken?'
In the event of undue interference or improper conduct, the referee will relieve an assistant referee of his duties and make a report to the appropriate authorities.
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Law Seven - The Duration of Play.
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Can one half be more than the other? (ie: 1st half was 25 mins and 2nd half was 30 mins)
The match lasts two equal periods of 45 minutes, unless otherwise mutually agreed between the referee and the two teams.
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If you are refereeing a match and after playing 25 mins you realise that there may be insufficient light to finnish the match. You notify the captains who mutually agree that the best course of action would be to reduce each half (ie: to cut five minutes off each half). What should you do?
The referee can't change or alter the time to be played after kick off. Any agreement to alter the duration of the periods of play (for example, to reduce each half to 40 minutes because of insufficient light) must be made before the start of play and must comply with competition rules.
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As there is badly diminishing light both captains agree not take a half time break. Some of their team mates on boths sides complain that they need a drink. What should the referee do?
Players are entitled to an interval at half-time.
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What is the maximum amount of time allowed for the half time interval?
The half-time interval must not exceed 15 minutes.
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Who decides the half time interval? What if both teams mutually agree a period of time before kick off?
Competition rules must state the duration of the half-time interval.
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If one team asks for the half time interval to be three minutes as one of his players has to leave early can the half time interval be altered?
The duration of the half-time interval may be altered only with the consent of the referee.
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Time may be added on at the end of each half as allowance is made for ? (5 reasons)
* substitutions
* assessment of injury to players
* removal of injured players from the field of play for treatment
* wasting time
* any other cause -
A certain manager looks at his watch repeatedly in front of the television cameras, exclaiming either that the referee has played too much time or that he has not played enough time. How is this possible?
The allowance for time lost is at the discretion of the referee.
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Time has run out for the first half and the referee has awarded a penalty kick. What should the referee do?
If a penalty kick has to be taken or retaken, the duration of either half is extended until the penalty kick is completed.
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Should an abandoned match be replayed?
An abandoned match is replayed unless the competition rules provide otherwise.
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Law Eight - Start and Restart of play.
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A coin is tossed as a part of the match preliminaries. Can the team that won the toss decide to take the kick off and let the other team decide the ends?
No
A coin is tossed and the team that wins the toss decides which goal it will attack in the first half of the match.
The other team takes the kick-off to start the match. -
Which team kicks off the second half?
The team that wins the toss takes the kick-off to start the second half of the match.
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A kick off can be used in what four situations?
* at the start of the match
* after a goal has been scored
* at the start of the second half of the match
* at the start of each period of extra time, where applicable -
Can you score directly from a kick off?
A goal may be scored directly from the kick-off.
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There are six procedures to follow at a kick off. What are they? (ie where is the ball placed? Where can the players stand? etc)
* all players must be in their own half of the field of play
* the opponents of the team taking the kick-off are at least 9.15 m (10 yds) from the ball until it is in play
* the ball must be stationary on the centre mark
* the referee gives a signal
* the ball is in play when it is kicked and moves forward
* the kicker must not touch the ball again until it has touched another player -
Where must each player be standing at the kick off?
All players must be in their own half of the field of play
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How far must opposition players be from the ball?
The opponents of the team taking the kick-off are at least 9.15 m (10 yds) from the ball until it is in play
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Where must the ball be placed for the kick off?
The ball must be stationary on the centre mark
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Can the referee decide that a ball has not moved far enough to be in play (ie: It hasn't travelled the distance of its circumference.) to have a kick retaken.
No. The ball is in play when it is kicked and moves forward. (It does not matter how far it moves as long as its forward.)
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Can a player kick the ball backwards at a kick off?
No. The ball is in play when it is kicked and moves forward. (It does not matter how far it moves as long as its forward.)
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Who tells the players to take the kick off?
The referee gives a signal.
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If the kicker touches the ball again before it has touched another player, what shall happen (ie: is he allowed to pass the ball to himself or herself at kick off.)
If the player taking the kick-off touches the ball again before it has touched another player:
* an indirect free kick is awarded to the opposing team to be taken from the position of the ball when the infringement occurred -
What if some players were in the other half at kick off and the referee notices?
In the event of any other infringement of the kick-off procedure:
* the kick-off is retaken -
If the game is stopped by the referee for something not mentioned in the laws, (ie: the ball hitting an electricity wire above the field) How shall the be restarted?
If, while the ball is still in play, the referee is required to stop play temporarily for any reason not mentioned elsewhere in the Laws of the Game, the match is restarted with a dropped ball.
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In the previous question where shall the referee drop the ball?
The referee drops the ball at the place where it was located when play was stopped, unless play was stopped inside the goal area, in which case the referee drops the ball on the goal area line parallel to the goal line at the point nearest to where the ball was located when play was stopped.
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In the previous question after it is dropped when is it in play?
Play restarts when the ball touches the ground.
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What are the two reasons for dropping the ball again?
The ball is dropped again:
* if it is touched by a player before it makes contact with the ground
* if the ball leaves the fi eld of play after it makes contact with the ground, without a player touching it -
How many players from either team may contest a drop ball?
Any player can challenge for a drop ball, there is no maximum or minimum number.
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Law Nine - The Ball in and out of Play
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What are the two circumstances that the ball is out of play?
The ball is out of play when:
* it has wholly crossed the goal line or touch line whether on the ground or in the air
* play has been stopped by the referee -
At all other times the ball is in play even if it rebounds from the (4 things)
* it rebounds off a goalpost, crossbar or corner flagpost and remains in the fi eld of play
* it rebounds off either the referee or an assistant referee when they are on the field of play -
Tips
Although this is a very short law it is very important.
Remember that a referee can only penalise and award a free kick or indirect free kick if the ball is in play. -
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Law Ten - The method of scoring.
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When is a goal scored?
A goal is scored when the whole of the ball passes over the goal line, between the goalposts and under the crossbar, provided that no infringement of the Laws of the Game has been committed previously by the team scoring the goal.
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How do you decide the winner?
The team scoring the greater number of goals during a match is the winner. If both teams score an equal number of goals, or if no goals are scored, the match is drawn.
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When a match needs to have a winner decided. What are the only three other criteria than goals that may be used to determine the winner? c
* away goals rule
* extra time
* kicks from the penalty mark -
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Law Eleven - Offside
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Is it an offence to be standing in an offside position?
It is not an offence in itself to be in an offside position.
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Explain how a player becomes in an offside position?
A player is in an offside position if:
* he is nearer to his opponents' goal line than both the ball and the second last opponent -
Name three occurrences where a player is not in an offside position?
A player is not in an offside position if:
* he is in his own half of the field of play or
* he is level with the second last opponent or
* he is level with the last two opponents -
When is a player judged to be in an offside position?
A player in an offside position is only penalised if, at the moment the ball touches or is played by one of his team.
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In order to be penalised, what must the player be doing?
He or she is, in the opinion of the referee, involved in active play.
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What are the three separate criteria defining 'active play'?
* interfering with play or
* interfering with an opponent or
* gaining an advantage by being in that position -
Name three different restarts of play where a player is not offside?
There is no offside offence if a player receives the ball directly from:
* a goal kick
* a throw-in
* a corner kick -
When a player is penalised for being offside, how is the game restarted?
In the event of an offside offence, the referee awards an indirect free kick to the opposing team to be taken from the place where the infringement occurred
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How does the referee and referee's assistant judge whether a player is level or nearer to his or her opponents goal line than the opponent.
* Nearer to his opponents' goal line means that any part of a player's head, body or feet is nearer to his opponents' goal line than both the ball and the second last opponent. The arms are not included in this definition. (Basically if any of the legally playable parts of the body are in-front or nearer.)
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What is the definition of interfering with play?
Interfering with play means playing or touching the ball passed or touched by a team-mate
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What is the definition of interfering with an opponent?
Interfering with an opponent means preventing an opponent from playing or being able to play the ball by clearly obstructing the opponent's line of vision or movements or making a gesture or movement which, in the opinion of the referee, deceives or distracts an opponent.
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What is the definition of gaining advantage?
Gaining an advantage by being in that position means playing a ball that rebounds to him off a goalpost or the crossbar having been in an offside position or playing a ball that rebounds to him off an opponent having been in an offside position.
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Where shall the indirect free kick be taken from?
When an offside offence occurs, the referee awards an indirect free kick to be taken from the position of the offending player when the ball was last played to him by one of his team-mates.
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What if an offending player steps behind his own goal line to make a played in an offside position?
If a defending player steps behind his own goal line in order to place an opponent in an offside position, the referee must allow play to continue and caution the defender for deliberately leaving the field of play without the referee's permission when the ball is next out of play.
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If an attacker steps outside the field of play to show that he is not interfering with play should he also be cautioned for leaving the field of play?
It is not an offence in itself for a player who is in an offside position to step off the field of play to show the referee that he is not involved in active play. However, if the referee considers that he has left the field of play for tactical reasons and has gained an unfair advantage by re-entering the field of play, the player must be cautioned for unsporting behaviour. The player needs to ask for the referee's permission to re-enter the field of play.
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A player who steps off the field of play to avoid being offside immediately re-enters the play to put the ball in the net. What is the decision and why?
The player was allowed to leave the field of play to avoid interfering with play, he then re-enters without the referee's permission and penalised with an indirect free kick from where the ball was when he entered and cautioned accordingly for re-entering the field of play without permission.
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Can a player be standing on the outside goal line off the field of play between the posts and not be in an offside position?
If an attacking player remains stationary between the goalposts and inside the goal net as the ball enters the goal, a goal must be awarded.
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In the previous question what must the player be doing to be declared offside?
However, if the attacking player distracts an opponent, the goal must be disallowed, the player cautioned for unsporting behaviour.
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In the previous question how should the game be restarted?
Play shall be restarted with a dropped ball from the position of the ball when play was stopped, unless play was stopped inside the goal area, in which case the referee drops the ball on the goal area line parallel to the goal line at the point nearest to where the ball was located when play was stopped.
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Law Twelve - Fouls and Misconduct.
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At a direct free kick the central defender passes the ball back towards his goal keeper and the ball goes in the goal without anyone touching it. What is the decision?
A corner kick. A goal can only be scored from a direct free kick against the opposing team.
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There are three separate criteria that determine if the referee is to award a free kick, what are they?
A direct free kick is awarded to the opposing team if a player commits any of the seven penal offences in a manner considered by the referee to be careless, reckless or using excessive force
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What are the first seven penal offences that must be committed carelessly, recklessly or with excessive force for a free kick to be given?
* kicks or attempts to kick an opponent
* trips or attempts to trip an opponent
* jumps at an opponent
* charges an opponent
* strikes or attempts to strike an opponent
* pushes an opponent
* tackles an opponent -
Tip to remember - just remember the fist word of each sentence.
Kicks, Trips, Jumps, Charges, Strikes, Pushes, Tackles.
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A direct free kick is also awarded if a player commits any three of the following?
* holds an opponent
* spits at an opponent
* handles the ball deliberately (except for the goalkeeper within his own penalty area) -
What are the four offences against the goal keeper that an indirect free kick can be awarded for?
* controls the ball with his hands for more than six seconds before releasing it from his possession
* touches the ball again with his hands after he has released it from his possession and before it has touched another player
* touches the ball with his hands after it has been deliberately kicked to him by a team-mate
* touches the ball with his hands after he has received it directly from a throw-in taken by a team-mate -
What are the four offences that an indirect can be awarded to the opposing?
An indirect free kick is also awarded to the opposing team if, in the opinion of the referee, a player:
* plays in a dangerous manner
* impedes the progress of an opponent
* prevents the goalkeeper from releasing the ball from his hands
* commits any other offence, not previously mentioned in Law 12, for which play is stopped to caution or send off a player -
Where is the indirect free kick taken from?
The indirect free kick is taken from the place where the offence occurred.
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What is the yellow card used to communicate?
The yellow card is used to communicate that a player, substitute or substituted player has been cautioned.
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What is the red card used to communicate?
The red card is used to communicate that a player, substitute or substituted player has been sent off.
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Can a coach, manager or team official be shown the red card or yellow card?
Only a player, substitute or substituted player may be shown the red or yellow card.
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If the coach or manager yells out abusive language directed towards the referee, what action should the referee take?
The coach or manager should be expelled and removed from the field of play and its immediate surrounds. (LAW 5)
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As the referee is walking off the field of play after the final whistle, a player insults his him with abusive language and says you can't do anything to me as the match is over.
The player should have his name taken and then shown the red card.
The referee has the authority to take disciplinary sanctions from the moment he enters the field of play until he leaves the fi eld of play after the final whistle. -
If a player kicks at an opponent in a reckless manner but is off the field of play, what should the referee do?
Stop the match and caution the offender.
A player who commits a cautionable or sending-off offence, either on or off the field of play, whether directed towards an opponent, a team-mate, the referee, an assistant referee or any other person, is disciplined according to the nature of the offence committed.
The match is restarted by an indirect free kick from the position of the ball at the time. -
What are the seven offences a player should be cautioned for?
A player is cautioned and shown the yellow card if he commits any of the following seven offences:
* unsporting behaviour
* dissent by word or action
* persistent infringement of the Laws of the Game
* delaying the restart of play
* failure to respect the required distance when play is restarted with a corner kick, free kick or throw-in
* entering or re-entering the field of play without the referee's permission
* deliberately leaving the field of play without the referee's permission -
Tip - remember just one word for each
Unsporting, Dissent, Persistent, Delays, 10 yards, Enters, Leaves
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What are the three offences against which a substitute or substituted player may be cautioned?
* unsporting behaviour
* dissent by word or action
* delaying the restart of play -
What are the seven offences for which a player or substitute is sent off?
A player, substitute or substituted player is sent off if he commits any of the following seven offences:
* serious foul play
* violent conduct
* spitting at an opponent or any other person
* denying the opposing team a goal or an obvious goal-scoring opportunity by deliberately handling the ball (this does not apply to a goalkeeper within his own penalty area)
* denying an obvious goal-scoring opportunity to an opponent moving towards the player's goal by an offence punishable by a free kick or a penalty kick.
* using offensive, insulting or abusive language and/or gestures
* receiving a second caution in the same match -
Can a player, who has been sent off, put his tracksuit on an sit on the bench?
No
A player, substitute or substituted player who has been sent off must leave the vicinity of the fi eld of play and the technical area. -
A player who carelessly commits one of the penal offences is penalised by a direct free kick. Define "careless".
Careless means that the player has shown a lack of attention or consideration when making a challenge or that he acted without precaution.
* No further disciplinary sanction is needed if a foul is judged to be careless -
A player who commits one of the penal offences in a reckless manner must be cautioned. Define "Reckless".
Reckless means that the player has acted with complete disregard to the danger to, or consequences for, his opponent
* A player who plays in a reckless manner must be cautioned. -
A player who commits one of the penal offences with excessive force must be sent off. Define "Excessive Force".
Using excessive force means that the player has far exceeded the necessary use of force and is in danger of injuring his opponent.
* A player who uses excessive force must be sent off. -
Is it an offence to charge a player? Can you charge fairly for the ball?
The act of charging is a challenge for space using physical contact within playing distance of the ball without using arms or elbows. It is an offence to charge an opponent:
* in a careless manner
* in a reckless manner
* using excessive force -
If a player starts holding an opponent outside the penalty area and continues holding him inside the penalty area, what is the decision?
If a defender starts holding an attacker outside the penalty area and continues holding him inside the penalty area, the referee must award a penalty kick.
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If the goal keeper is holding the ball can an opponent head it out of his hands.
No
When a goalkeeper has gained possession of the ball with his hands, he cannot be challenged by an opponent. -
A goal keeper is attempting to clear the ball from his hands by kicking it. Can an opponent challenge for the ball as he is releasing it?
No
It is an offence for a player to prevent a goalkeeper from releasing the ball from his hands -
A player is penalised for committing a foul to break up a promising attack. What else must the referee do?
A player must be cautioned if;
* commits a foul for the tactical purpose of interfering with or breaking up a promising attack -
A player holds onto another player to prevent him getting the ball. What must the referee do?
A player must be cautioned for unsporting behaviour if he or she;
* holds an opponent for the tactical purpose of pulling the opponent away from the ball or preventing the opponent from getting to the ball -
Does every hand ball warrant a caution?
No
A player must be cautioned for unsporting behaviour if he or she;
* handles the ball to prevent an opponent gaining possession or developing an attack (other than the goalkeeper within his own penalty area) -
If a player handles the ball in an attempt to score but the ball goes wide of the goal, what should the referee do?
A player must be cautioned for unsporting behaviour if he or she;
* handles the ball in an attempt to score a goal (irrespective of whether or not the attempt is successful). -
If a player fakes an injury or pretends to be fouled , what must the referee do?
A player must be cautioned for unsporting behaviour if he or she;
* attempts to deceive the referee by feigning injury or pretending to have been fouled (simulation) -
If a player acts in a manner that shows lack of respect for the game
A player must be cautioned for unsporting behaviour if he or she;
* acts in a manner which shows a lack of respect for the game -
If a player asks to leave the field of play and the referee gives permission, but the player then takes a part in an attacking move. Is this allowed?
No
A player must be cautioned for unsporting behaviour if he or she;
* plays the ball when he is walking off the field of play after being granted permission to leave the field of play -
If a player celebrates a goal by taking off his shirt, what should the referee do?
A player must be cautioned if:
* in the opinion of the referee, he makes gestures which are provocative, derisory or inflammatory
* he climbs on to a perimeter fence to celebrate a goal being scored
* he removes his shirt or covers his head with his shirt.
* he covers his head or face with a mask or other similar item -
What is serious foul play?
A player is guilty of serious foul play if he uses excessive force or brutality against an opponent when challenging for the ball when it is in play.
A tackle that endangers the safety of an opponent must be sanctioned as serious foul play. -
In only one instance may a referee play advantage when a player is guilty of serious foul play. What is it?
Advantage should not be applied in situations involving serious foul play unless there is a clear subsequent opportunity to score a goal against the offending team.
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What is Violent Conduct?
A player is guilty of violent conduct if he uses excessive force or brutality against an opponent when not challenging for the ball.
He is also guilty of violent conduct if he uses excessive force or brutality against a team-mate, spectator, match official or any other person.
Violent conduct may occur either on the field of play or outside its boundaries, whether the ball is in play or not. -
In cases of violent conduct advantage can only be applied in one instance, what is it?
Advantage should not be applied in situations involving violent conduct unless there is a clear subsequent opportunity to score a goal.
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If a a player receiving treatment (who is standing off the field of play) is guilty of violent conduct and the ball is in play, how is the match restarted?
If the player is already off the field of play and commits the offence, play is restarted with a dropped ball from the position in which the ball was located when play was stopped, unless play was stopped inside the goal area, in which case the referee drops the ball on the goal area line parallel to the goal line at the point nearest to where the ball was located when play was stopped
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If a player runs off the field of play to head butt a person in the crowd, he is dismissed, but how is the game restarted?
If the player leaves the field of play to commit the offence, play is restarted with an indirect free kick from the position in which the ball was located when play was stopped
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If a player strikes a substitute, who has been winding him up, what should the referee do?
Send the player off and restart play with an indirect free kick from the position in which the ball was located when play was stopped
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If a player kicks his own team mate with excessive force, he should be sent off for what and how is the game restarted?
Violent conduct
Play is restarted with an indirect free kick from the position where the offence occurred -
A player assaults the referee's assistant. How is the match restarted?
Violent Conduct against the referee or an assistant referee, play is restarted with an indirect free kick from the position where the offence occurred
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If a player gets into a fight with his manager, both are dismissed from the field of play, but how should the game be restarted?
Violent Conduct against another person, play is restarted with a dropped ball from the position in which the ball was located when play was stopped, unless play was stopped inside the goal area, in which case the referee drops the ball on the goal area line parallel to the goal line at the point nearest to where the ball was located when play was stopped
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If a player throws an object at an opponent. The attacker is standing inside the penalty area but the attacker is standing outside the penalty area. What is the decision?
s If a player standing inside his own penalty area throws an object at an opponent standing outside the penalty area, the referee restarts play with a direct free kick to the opponents' team taken from the position where the object struck or would have struck the opponent
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If a player throws an object at an opponent. The attacker is standing outside the penalty area but the attacker is standing inside the penalty area. What is the decision?
If a player standing outside his own penalty area throws an object at an opponent standing inside the penalty area, the referee restarts play with a penalty kick
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If a player standing inside the field of play throws an object at someone in the crowd, how is the game restarted?
If a player standing inside the field of play throws an object at any person standing outside the field of play, the referee restarts play with an indirect free kick, taken from the position in which the ball was located when play was stopped
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If a player standing outside the field of play throws an object at an opponent standing inside the field of play, how is the game restarted?
If a player standing outside the field of play throws an object at an opponent standing inside the field of play, the referee restarts play with a direct free kick to the opponents' team, taken from the position where the object struck or would have struck the opponent or with a penalty kick
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If a substitute or substituted player standing outside the field of play throws an object at an opponent standing inside the field of play, how is the game restarted?
If a substitute or substituted player standing outside the field of play throws an object at an opponent standing inside the field of play, the referee restarts play with an indirect free kick to the opposing team, taken from the position in which the ball was located when play was stopped
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Law Thirteen - Types of Free Kick.
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There are two types of free kick. What are they?
Free kicks are either direct or indirect.
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At a direct free kick the central defender passes the ball back towards his goal keeper and the ball goes in the goal without anyone touching it. What is the decision?
Ball Enters the Goal
* if a direct free kick is kicked directly into the opponents' goal, a goal is awarded
* if a direct free kick is kicked directly into the team's own goal, a corner kick is awarded to the opposing team -
How shall the referee indicate an indirect free kick?
Signal
The referee indicates an indirect free kick by raising his arm above his head. He maintains his arm in that position until the kick has been taken and the ball has touched another player or goes out of play. -
Can a goal be scored direct from an indirect free kick?
Ball Enters the Goal
A goal can be scored only if the ball subsequently touches another player before it enters the goal:
* if an indirect free kick is kicked directly into the opponents' goal, a goal kick is awarded
* if an indirect free kick is kicked directly into the team's own goal, a corner kick is awarded to the opposing team -
What are the procedures for a free kick to be taken?
For both direct and indirect free kicks, the ball must be stationary when the kick is taken and the kicker must not touch the ball again until it has touched another player.
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If a player touches the ball a second time without it touching anybody else after he has taken a free kick, what should the referee do?
An indirect free kick is awarded to the opposition from the place where the he touched it.
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If a free kick is awarded inside the penalty area a defender mis-kicks the ball and an attacker runs inside the penalty area to put the ball in the net. What is the decision?
The free kick must be retaken.
* the ball is in play when it is kicked directly out of the penalty area. (Until it leaves the penalty area, the ball is not in play.)
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Must attackers remain outside the penalty area when a free kick is awarded?
Yes.
All opponents must remain outside the penalty area until the ball is in play -
An attacker is outside the penalty area but only a few yards from the ball. Is this allowed?
No
All opponents must be at least 9.15 m (10 yds) from the ball -
Where can free kicks awarded inside the goal area to the defending team be taken from?
A free kick awarded in the goal area may be taken from any point inside that area
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The referee gives an indirect free kick against the goal keeper for dangerous play. The goal keeper commits the offence in the goal area. Where should the free kick be taken from?
An indirect free kick awarded inside the goal area must be taken on the goal area line parallel to the goal line at the point nearest to where the infringement occurred
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For all free kicks players how far away from the ball must opponents be?
All opponents must be at least 9.15 m (10 yds) from the ball until it is in play
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At a free kick when does the ball become in play again?
The ball is in play when it is kicked and moves
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A free kick can be taken from two different dynamic positions. What are they?
The free kick is taken from the place where the infringement occurred or from the position of the ball when the infringement occurred (according to the infringement)
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What is the only instance that players can legally be less than 10 yards from a free kick and where must they be standing?
A indirect free kick on the 6 yard box (goal area) line, or less than ten yards from the goal line and the players must be standing on the line between the posts.
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If, when a free kick is being taken, an opponent encroaches the required distance (10 yards), what should the referee do?
* the kick is retaken
* the player concerned must be cautioned. -
What should the referee do if after the ball is in play, the kicker touches the ball again (except with his hands) before it has touched another player:
An indirect free kick is awarded to the opposing team, the kick to be taken from the place where the infringement occurred
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If, after the ball is in play, the kicker deliberately handles the ball before it has touched another player, what should the referee do?
(Think back to law five and the more serious offence.) * a direct free kick is awarded to the opposing team, the kick to be taken from the place where the infringement occurred
* a penalty kick is awarded if the infringement occurred inside the kicker's penalty area -
Can a player take a free kick by scooping it up with his foot>
A free kick can be taken by lifting the ball with a foot or both feet simultaneously.
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If the referee awards an indirect free kick, fails to indicate it by raising his arm and the player taking the kick scores, what should the referee do?
An indirect free kick must be retaken if the referee fails to raise his arm to indicate that the kick is indirect and the ball is kicked directly into the goal. The initial indirect free kick is not nullified by the referee's mistake.
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If a player decides to take a quick free kick and the ball is intercepted by a player who is not ten yards, what should the referee do?
Nothing
If a player decides to take a free kick quickly and an opponent who is less than 9.15 m from the ball intercepts it, the referee must allow play to continue. -
Can a player feint to take a penalty kick?
Feinting to take a penalty kick to confuse opponents is permitted as part of football. However, if, in the opinion of the referee, the feinting is considered an act of unsporting behaviour, the player must be cautioned.
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Law Fourteen - The Penalty Kick
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The ball goes out for a throw in and the goal keeper punches the centre forward in the penalty area. What is the decision?
No penalty as the ball is not in play. A penalty kick is awarded against a team that commits one of the ten offences for which a direct free kick is awarded, inside its own penalty area and while the ball is in play.
The goal keeper should be sent off, another player needs to become the goal keeper and the game restarted with a throw in. -
If the referee has awarded a penalty and time has expired (run out), what should he do?
Additional time is allowed for a penalty kick to be taken at the end of each half or at the end of periods of extra time.
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Where must the ball be placed for a penalty?
The ball:
* must be placed on the penalty mark -
Must the player taking the kick be identified?
The player taking the penalty kick:
* must be properly identified -
Where must the defending goal keeper be at a penalty kick?
The defending goalkeeper:
* must remain on his goal line, facing the kicker, between the goalposts until the ball has been kicked -
Where must the players be located for a penalty kick?
The players other than the kicker must be located: * inside the field of play
* outside the penalty area
* behind the penalty mark
* at least 9.15 m (10 yds) from the penalty mark -
After the players have taken up their position for the penalty, what must the referee do?
After the players have taken positions in accordance with this Law, the referee signals for the penalty kick to be taken
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If after the players have taken up their position, the attacher strikes the ball and it misses the goal, but without the referee signalling to take the kick?
The kick must be re-taken.
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Can a player taking the penalty pass it backwards for his opponent to have a shot?
No
The player taking the penalty kick must kick the ball forward -
What happens if the ball hits the post, rebounds back to the player who took the kick and he then puts it in the net?
An indirect free kick is awarded against the attacker.
He must not play the ball again until it has touched another player -
When is the ball in play from a penalty kick?
The ball is in play when it is kicked and moves forward.
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When time is extended for a penalty kick if the ball is saved by the by the goal keeper it however spins an goes in the net. What should the referee do?
It's a goal.
When a penalty kick is taken during the normal course of play, or time has been extended at half-time or full time to allow a penalty kick to be taken or retaken, a goal is awarded if, before passing between the goalposts and under the crossbar: * the ball touches either or both of the goalposts and/or the crossbar and/or the goalkeeper -
Who decides when a penalty kick has been completed?
The referee decides when a penalty kick has been completed.
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If after giving the signal for a penalty kick to be taken and before the ball is in play, the kicker infringes one of the laws. What should the referee do if the ball goes in the net?
* the referee allows the kick to be taken
* if the ball enters the goal, the kick is retaken -
If after giving the signal for a penalty kick to be taken and before the ball is in play, the kicker infringes one of the laws. What should the referee do if the ball rebounds from the cross bar?
* if the ball does not enter the goal, the referee stops play and the match is restarted with an indirect free kick to the defending team, from the place where the infringement occurred
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If after giving the signal for a penalty kick to be taken and before the ball is in play, the goalkeeper infringes the laws and the ball goes in the net?
* the referee allows the kick to be taken
* if the ball enters the goal, a goal is awarded -
If after giving the signal for a penalty kick to be taken and before the ball is in play, the goalkeeper infringes the laws and the ball goes wide of the goal?
If the ball does not enter the goal, the kick is retaken
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If after giving the signal for a penalty kick to be taken and before the ball is in play, a team mate of the kicker infringes one of the laws. What should the referee do if the ball goes in the goal?
* the referee allows the kick to be taken
* if the ball enters the goal, the kick is retaken -
If after giving the signal for a penalty kick to be taken and before the ball is in play, a team mate of the kicker infringes one of the laws. What should the referee do if the ball rebounds off the goal keeper?
If the ball does not enter the goal, the referee stops play and the match is restarted with an indirect free kick to the defending team, from the place where the infringement occurred
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If after giving the signal for a penalty kick to be taken and before the ball is in play, a team mate of the goalkeeper infringes the laws and the ball goes wide of the goal?
* the referee allows the kick to be taken
* if the ball does not enter the goal, the kick is retaken -
If after giving the signal for a penalty kick to be taken and before the ball is in play, a team mate of the goalkeeper infringes the laws and the ball enters the goal?
* the referee allows the kick to be taken
* if the ball enters the goal, a goal is awarded -
If after the kick is taken a supporter steps onto the field and blocks it entering the net?
The ball is touched by an outside agent as it moves forward:
* the kick is retaken -
If after the kick is taken a supporter steps onto the field, tries to save the ball but parries it into the goal.
Re-take the kick.
The ball is touched by an outside agent as it moves forward:
* the kick is retaken -
If the ball rebounds from a goal post or is saved by the keeper and then a supporter grabs it, what should the referee do?
If the ball rebounds into the fi eld of play from the goalkeeper, the crossbar or the goalposts, and is then touched by an outside agent:
* the referee stops play
* play is restarted with a dropped ball at the place where it touched the outside agent, unless it touched the outside agent inside the goal area, in which case the referee drops the ball on the goal area line parallel to the goal line at the point nearest to where the ball was located when play was stopped -
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Law Fifteen - The Throw In.
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When the ball passes over the touch line a throw in is awarded to the opponent of the last player to touch the ball. How should we decide that the ball has crossed the touch line?
When the whole of the ball crosses the touch line, either on the ground or in the air.
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Can a goal be scored directly from a throw in?
A goal cannot be scored directly from a throw-in.
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For a throw in to be taken correctly, what five things must the thrower do?
* faces the field of play
* has part of each foot either on the touch line or on the ground outside the touch line
* holds the ball with both hands
* delivers the ball from behind and over his head
* delivers the ball from the point where it left the field of play -
How far can an opponent stand from a throw in?
All opponents must stand no less than 2 m (2 yds) from the point at which the throw-in is taken.
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When is the ball in play?
The ball is in play when it enters the fi eld of play.
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If after throwing the ball in the same player touches it before it has touched any one else, what should the referee do?
After delivering the ball, the thrower must not touch the ball again until it has touched another player.
* an indirect free kick is awarded to the opposing team, the kick to be taken from the place where the infringement occurred -
What should the referee do if an opponent unfairly distracts or impedes the thrower?
* He or she is cautioned for unsporting behaviour. If the ball is not in play the match should be restarted by a throw in.
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Give five examples of a foul throw?
Where a thrower does not:
* face the field of play
* have part of each foot either on the touch line or on the ground outside the touch line
* hold the ball with both hands
* deliver the ball from behind and over his head
* deliver the ball from the point where it left the field of play. -
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Law Sixteen - The Goal Kick.
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When is a goal kick awarded?
A goal kick is awarded when the whole of the ball passes over the goal line, either on the ground or in the air, having last touched a player of the attacking team, and a goal is not scored in accordance with Law 10.
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Can you score from a goal kick?
A goal may be scored directly from a goal kick, but only against the opposing team.
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When a goal kick is taken, when is the ball deemed to be in play?
* The ball is in play when it is kicked directly out of the penalty area -
At a goal kick must opponents remain outside the area until the ball is in play?
Yes
* Opponents remain outside the penalty area until the ball is in play -
Where in the goal area (6 yard box) can a goal kick be taken.
The ball is kicked from any point within the goal area by a player of the defending team
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If the player taking the kick touches the ball again outside the penalty area but before it has touched anyone else, what should the referee do?
Award an indirect free kick to the opposing team from the place that the player touched the ball a second time.
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If the kick is taken but the referee's assistant indicates to the referee that the ball was not in the goal area, what should the referee do?
The kick should be retaken.
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Law Seventeen - The Corner Kick.
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When is a corner kick awarded
A corner kick is awarded when the whole of the ball passes over the goal line, either on the ground or in the air, having last touched a player of the defending team, and a goal is not scored in accordance with Law 10.
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Can a goal be scored from a corner kick?
A goal may be scored directly from a corner kick, but only against the opposing team.
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Can the flag post be moved in order to get a better kick at the ball from a corner?
The corner flagpost must not be moved.
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How far should defenders be from a corner kick?
Opponents must remain at least 9.15 m (10 yds) from the corner arc until the ball is in play
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A corner is taken by a player who plays the ball with his knee. Is this allowed?
* The ball must be kicked by a player of the attacking team
* The ball is in play when it is kicked and moves -
What should the referee do if the same player touches the ball a second time after taking the corner kick and before it has touched anyone else?
The kicker must not play the ball again until it has touched another player and should be penalised with an indirect free kick to be taken from the place where he toughed the ball a second time.
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Can a player remove one of the flag posts to get a better kick at the ball at a corner kick?
No
* The corner flagpost must not be moved -
At a corner, part of the ball is on the corner arc line, but a part of it is over the line. Is this allowed?
No
* The ball must be placed inside the corner arc nearest to the point where the ball crossed the goal line -
How far must defenders remain away from the corner arc until the ball is in play?
* Opponents must remain at least 9.15 m (10 yds) from the corner arc until the ball is in play
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Can a player take a corner kick by playing it with his knee?
No
* The ball is in play when it is kicked and moves -
What should the referee do if a player kicks the ball a second time, before it has touched anyone else after a corner kick?
Indirect free kick to the opposing team.
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Procedures to determine the winner of a match.
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After a match has been drawn and the competition requires a winning team what three procedures can be used to determine the winning team?
Away goals, extra time and kicks from the penalty mark are the three methods approved for determining the winning team where competition rules require there to be a winning team after a match has been drawn.
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What is the away goal rule?
Competition rules may provide that where teams play each other home and away, if the aggregated scores are equal after the second match, any goals scored at the ground of the opposing team will count double.
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Can extra time be two twenty minute periods?
No
Competition rules may provide for two further equal periods, not exceeding 15 minutes each, to be played. The conditions of Law 8 will apply. -
When taking kicks from the penalty mark at full time to determine the winner, who decides which end they are to be taken from.
The referee chooses the goal at which the kicks will be taken
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The captains meet in the centre circle to toss the coin to determine who should take the first kick. Who should toss the coin?
The referee tosses a coin and the team whose captain wins the toss decides whether to take the first or the second kick
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Who should keep a record of the kicks being taken?
The referee keeps a record of the kicks being taken.
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A goal keeper becomes injured whilst the kicks are being taken. Can he replaced by a named substitute?
A goalkeeper who is injured while kicks are being taken from the penalty mark and is unable to continue as goalkeeper may be replaced by a named substitute provided his team has not used the maximum number of substitutes permitted under the competition rules
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Can you make substitutions after full time to replace one of the penalty takers with another player who is better at taking penalties?
With the exception of the goal keeper who becomes injured only players who are onthe fi eld of play at the end of the match, which includes extra time where appropriate, are eligible to take kicks from the penalty mark
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What if one player tells the others he is really no good at taking penalties, can he nominate another player to take his kick?
Each kick is taken by a different player and all eligible players must take a kick before any player can take a second kick
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Where should the players stand at the taking of the kicks?
Only the eligible players and match offi cials are permitted to remain on the fi eld of play when kicks from the penalty mark are being taken
* All players, except the player taking the kick and the two goalkeepers, must remain within the centre circle -
Where does the goalkeeper of the team who is taking the kicks stand?
The goalkeeper who is the team-mate of the kicker must remain on the fi eld of play, outside the penalty area in which the kicks are being taken, on the goal line where it meets the penalty area boundary line
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If one team has had two players sent off and finished the match with eight outfield players and a goal keeper. What must the other team do?
If, at the end of the match and before kicks start to be taken from the penalty mark, one team has a greater number of players than their opponents, they must reduce their numbers to equate with that of their opponents and the team captain must inform the referee of the name and number of each player excluded.
Before the start of kicks from the penalty mark, the referee must ensure that an equal number of players from each team remains within the centre circle and they shall take the kicks.
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The Technical Area
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What are the specified dimensions of the technical area?
The technical area extends 1 m (1 yd) on either side of the designated seated area and extends forward up to a distance of 1 m (1 yd) from the touch line
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The referee arrives at the stadium and the technical area is not clearly marked. Should the game take place?
Yes it should.
* it is recommended that markings are used to defi ne this area -
How many people are allowed to stay in the technical area?
* the number of persons permitted to occupy the technical area is defined by the competition rules
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Must the occupants of the technical area be identified to the referee before the kick off?
* the occupants of the technical area are identifi ed before the beginning of the match in accordance with the competition rules
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The manager gets to his feet, the coach gets to his feet and another player gets to his feet all at the same time to convey instructions to the players. Is this allowed?
* only one person at a time is authorised to convey tactical instructions and he must return to his position after giving these instructions
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If the coach yells out abusive language towards the referee, what should he do?
Expel him from the technical area and the immediate surrounds of the field of play.
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Who and when shall be allowed to enter the field of play during a stoppage in the match?
* the coach and other officials must remain within its confines except in special circumstances, for example, a physiotherapist or doctor entering the field of play, with the referee’s permission, to assess an injured player
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The Fourth Offical and the reserve Assistant Referees.
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A fourth official may be appointed. Does the fourth official take over the refereeing if the referee gets injured?
Prior to the start of the competition, the organiser states clearly whether, if the referee is unable to continue, the fourth offi cial takes over as the referee or whether the senior assistant referee takes over as referee with the fourth offi cial becoming an assistant referee
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Name four things that the fourth official should assist with?
* The fourth official assists with any administrative duties before, during and after the match, as required by the referee * He is responsible for assisting with substitution procedures during the match * He has the authority to check the equipment of substitutes before they enter the field of play. If their equipment does not comply with the Laws of the Game, he informs the referee * He supervises the replacement balls, where required. If the match ball has to be replaced during a match, he provides another ball, on the instruction of the referee, thus keeping the delay to a minimum
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One important role of the fourth official, where he may attract the attention of the referee to stop the game is when?
He must indicate to the referee when the wrong player is cautioned because of mistaken identity or when a player is not sent off having been seen to be given a second caution or when violent conduct occurs out of the view of the referee and assistant referees. The referee, however, retains the authority to decide on all points connected with play
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The fourth official has noticed violent conduct by one of the substitutes that was out of view of the referee and linesman. What should he do?
He should inform the referee, who should dismiss the player concerned.
After the match, the fourth offi cial must submit a report to the appropriate authorities on any misconduct or other incident that occurred out of the view of the referee and the assistant referees. The fourth official must advise the referee and his assistants of any report being made -
A reserve assistant referee is also appointed. Can he speak to the technical area and tell them to sit down?
A reserve assistant referee may also be appointed under competition rules. His only duty shall be to replace an assistant referee who is unable to continue or to replace the fourth offi cial, as required
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The answers in this tutorial are taken directly from the Laws of the Game hand book which are authorised by the International Football Association Board. This website may not be reproduced or translated in whole or in part in any manner without the permission of FIFA. The Laws are published by Federation Internationale de Football Association FIFA-Strasse 20, 8044 Zurich, Switzerland.
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